Coke oven



ug. 5, `1930. H. PETscH 1,772,429

' COKE OVEN Filed July '7, 1924 2 Shoots-Shut 1 Lnwllklumlw Inl...)

Patented Aug. 5, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT ori-ica Application led July7, 1924, Serial No.

This invention relates to coke ovens and more particularly toimprovements in the type of oven described in British Patent N o. 23,459of 1910, in which the walls or binders of the heating flues wereprovided with air passages adapted to conduct the air necessary tosupport combustion to the heating fines.

In coke ovens, as heretofore constructed, and which were provided withvert-ical heating ilues, an extremely high temperature was produced atthe point where the heating gases were burned, particularly in caseswhere the air for combustion was highly preheated. In fact, so high wasthis temperature that frequently the refractory bricks, of which thewalls of the flues were made, were fused, this fusing occurred usuallytoward the end of the cokin process when the coke body had absorbepractically its full capacity of heat and the refractory bricks couldtransmit no more heat thereto.

In the structure shown in the British patent mentioned an attempt wasmade to overcome this difficulty and, in fact such diiculty was, to alarge extent7 overcome, but I have found ,l in practice, for the purposeof obtaining a, uniform heat throughout the length of the flue, it isessential to proportion along the flue the amounts of air forcombustion, i. e., to

supply the total air in several different portions in a manner which isaccomplished by the special structural means hereinafter claimed.

It is therefore the object of this invention to provide a special methodof proportioning the amounts of air admitted to the heating flues atvarious levels whereby gradual coinbustioii and uniform heatingthroughout the length of each heating flue is obtained iiistead ofhaving a maximum temperature at one point and from there a decrease ofsuch temperature toward the exit end of the flue.

Specifically stated the inventoiii consists in proportioning the amountsof air supplied by diinensioning the air outlets in such manner thattheir cross sectional areas are gradually increased from the initialpoint of coinbustion toward the exit of the flue whereby a substantiallyuniform temperature may be maintained throughout the length of the flue.

724,708, and in Germany August l, 1923.

Further objects and advantages which are Gained by this invention willappear as the following specific description is read in connection withthe accompanying drawin s which forni a part of this application and inwhich: A

Figure 1 is a detail longitudinal vertical sectional view of a part ofthe heating wall of a coke oven showing my improvement, the sectionbeing taken on the line 1-1 of Fig. 2;

Figure 2 is a transverse -sectional view taken on the line 2-2 of Figure1;

Figure 3 is a sectionvview similar to Figure l showing a. modification,and taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 4;

Figure 4 is a section view similar to Figure 2 an taken on the line 4-4of Figure 3.

Referring more particular to Figures 1 and 2 of the drawin ,m indicatesthe oven chamber, of which t ere may be any number, as will be readilyunderstood. Between the several oven chambers usually employed to makean oven block, is arran ed a plurality of heating lues a separated ytransversely extending walls b. These heating flues are connected, as isshown in all of the figures, with the gas main g by vertically disposednozzles f which serve to conduct the required amount of gas from thedistributing main g to the base of each flue a.

As shown in Figure 1, each wall or binder b is provided with a verticalpassage c communicating at its lower end by means of a diagonal conduitz' with a distributing passage or main Iz. arranged to receive air fromany suit-able source. This air may be, if desired, preheated in the-recuperators or regenerators (not shown). The main passages leterminate in the present example slightly above a point midway of the'heiglitof the walls and each has a plurality of outlets indicated at c,d and e, which gradually increase in size. In other words, the outlet cwhich, as shown, is situated at the lowest level, is the smallest, d isthe next larger and e, which is situated at the highest level, is thelargest of the three air ports. This Inanner of graduating the outlets ez d e is an mportant feature of my invention and the essential means forobtaining the required proper proportioning of air for supportingcombustion. It is, of course, to be understood that the graduating ofthe air outlets as shown and described may be varied somewhat without inany way departing from the spirit of this invention.

In Figure. 1 and Figure 3 the outlets c, d and c extend from thepassages c to opposite sides of the wall or binder b and on diverginglines, but if desired, this arrangement may be changed, and otherpositions and locations of the discharge openings c, (l and e may beadapted. Normally it is found desirable in the construction shown inFigure 1 to provide two air discharge-openings at each level in the sameflue. these openings to be situated oppositely to each other.

One variation of the above described form is disclosed in Figure 3wherein each of the walls b1 and b3 are provided with the air supplypassages la and the discharge orifices c d and e, as shown in Figure l.Each alternate wall {i2-b* are provided with passages t which extendthroughout the length of these walls and communicate at the base thereofwith conduits or flues u. The flues t in this instance are utilized forconducting away the waste products of combustion from the maincollecting channel s, and the conduits u have communication directlywith the chimney. In the form of Figure l the waste products ofcombustion pass from the flues a directly into the collecting channel swhich is coupled to, or communicates with the chimney at a suitablepoint not shown.

In the construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2 the passages le are suppliedwith air through diagonally arranged conduits 'i which communicate withthe air main L arranged beneath the coke chamber m. In Figs. 3 and 4 theconduits z' are connected with the main h' and the conduits u areconnected to the discharge main h2 which communicates with the chimney.Both mains h and h2 as shown, are arranged beneath the coke chamber lm,and occupy the space occupied by the main h in the constructionofFigures 1 and 2.

In the operation of the construction disclosed in Figures 1 and 2,combustible gas, for instance, purified coke oven gas, returned from theby-product plant is conveyed to the distributing channel or main g fromwhence it passes into the heating flues a by way of the nozzles f. Atthe same time air, preferably which has been preheated in theregenerators or recuperators, is conveyed to the main h, from whence itpasses through the conduits z' into the passages-lc and is dischargedtherefrom through the graduated openings c, d and e into the flues afrom opposite sides thereof.

The products of combustion rise in the heating `lues a and passoutwardly into the collecting channel 8, where they are taken olf to thechimney inthe direction of the arrows in Figure 1.

The operation of the` structure shown in Figures 3 and 4 is identicalwith that of Figures 1 and 2 except that after the products ofcombustion have been discharged from the upper end of the heating fluesa into the colJ lecting channel s, they then pass downwardly through thechannels t in the alternate walls or binders and are discharged throughthe passages u into the discharge main h2 from which they are conductedto the chimney. In this form, however, it will be noted that there isonly one discharge of air into each flue at each level, as distinguishedfroln the two opposite jets at each level disclosed in Figure 1.However, the correct proportioning of the air outlets with this type bythe proper dimensioning of the air produces the same effect and resultsas to uniform heating as are obtained with the symmetrical arrangementof opposite openings as disclosed in Figures 1 and 2.

The proportioning of the amounts of air fed to the flues at therespective levels which will be obtained by dimensioning the air outletsc, d and E according to my invention as described above enables me toachieve with certainty a gradual combustion of the heating gas. Thisensures to perfectly distribute the heat of the products of combustionover the whole length of the heating flues and to obtain a uniform andeven temperature throughout the height of the heating wall.

The foregoing facts have been determined in practice by takingpyrometrical readings at various levels in the heating flues whichdisclose only very slight difference intemperature between the hottestand coolest points. This uniform temperature effectively obviates anyoverheating and consequently prevents fusion of the refractory materialand at the same time assures complete heating without causing carbon orgraphite deposits in the flues. The success of this progresslvecombustion and uniform heating displays itself in operation by a veryconsider'-v ably reduced coking time without putting an unusual burdenupon the refractory materiali It has also been found out in practicethat there is a considerable increase in the yield of coke andby-products and the coke produced is of uniform size with considerablebetter physical properties.

In consequence of the uniform and even heating which obviates any excessof heat expense, I have found that less gas is consumed in obtaining therequired amount of heat and that the production of tar, am'- monia andbenzol is materially enhanced both as-to quality and quantity.

When by-product ovens were first built the height of the oven chamberswas about 6 feet only but the tendency for some time past has been toincrease the height so as to increase the output of each individualoven, and at the present time many ovens are being built as high as 11feet and more. In these high ovens it has been found almost impossibleto obtain correct coking throughout, but by properly proportioning theadmission of air as described I have found that from the base of the Huetoward the upper end thereof, and means for feeding gas to the base ofthe Hues.

2. In a coke oven, vertical Walls defining vertical heating Hues, meansfor feeding gas to the base of the Hues, certain of said walls adjacentto each Hue, having vertical air passages therein with outletsdischarging into the Hues, said outlets being arranged at differentlevels and. graduated so that their cross sectional areas increase fromthe gas inlet end to the vupper end of the Hues.

3. In a coke oven, vertical walls defining vertical heating Hues, meansfor feeding gas to the base of said Hues, certain of said walls adjacentto each Hue, having vertical air assages therein, beginning from jbelowthe Ease of the Hue and being provided with outlets discharging into theHuesat different levels, said outlets being graduated so that theircross sectional areas increase from the lowermost to the uppermost.

l. In a coke oven, vertical walls defining 1 vertical heating Hues,means for feeding gas to the base of said Hues, certain of said wallshaving vertical air4 passages therein, with outlets arranged atdifferent levels and discharging into the Hues and oppositely to eachother, the cross sectional areas of said outlets progressivelyincreasing from the gas inlet end to the upper end of the Hues.

5. In a coke oven, vertical walls defining vertical heating Hues, meansfor feeding gas to the base of the filles, certain of said walls havingvertical air passages therein, a common horizontal air main below theHues and having connection with said vertical air passages, said airpassages provided with outlets arranged at different levels anddischargin into the Hues and oppositely to each ot er, the crosssectional areas of said outlets progressively increasing from the gasinlet end to the uppergend of the Hues.

`6. In a coke oven, walls defining vertical heatin Hues, means forfeeding gas to the base osaid Hues, two of said walls on opposite sidesof one of said Hues having `vertical air passages therein with outletswhich are arranged at different levels andoppositely to l each other andcommunicating with said one of Jsaid Hues, the cross sectional areas ofthe said outlets progressively increasing from the gas inlet 'end to theupper en d of the Hues.

In a coke oven, walls defining vertical heating Hues, means for feedinggas to the base o said Hues, two of said walls on opposite sides of oneof said Hues having vertical vair passages therein which communicatebelow with a common horizontaLair-main'and Y are provided with outletsarranged at different levels and oppositely `to each other andcommunicating with said one of said Hues, the cross sectional areas ofthe said outlets progressively increasing from the gas inlet end to theupper end of the Hues.

8. In a coke oven, a vertical combustion Hue defined by walls, one ofsaid walls being provided with an air passage having port means atdifferent levels discharging into said Hue and constituting means forsupplying air for combustion to said Hue, the port means at one of saidlevels above the lowermost level being adapted to convey airtherethrough at a volume rate greater than that of the port means at thelowermost level when subjected to substantially the same pressure,together with means for feeding gas to said Hue adjacent the basethereof.

9. In a coke oven, a vertical combustion Hue defined by walls, one ofsaid walls being provided with an air passage having port means atdifferent levels discharging into said lHue and constituting means forsupplying air for combustion to said Hue, the port means v at any one ofsaid levels above the lowermost HERMANN PETSCH.

